Indasteri ea libaesekele e fetohile e 'ngoe ea ba ruileng molemo ho seoa sa coronavirus kaha batho ba ntse ba batla litsela tsa ho lula ba le mafolofolo, ho thabisa bana le ho ea mosebetsing.Ho hakanngoa hore thekiso ea libaesekele naheng ka bophara e nyolohile ka 50% selemong se fetileng.Tsena ke litaba tse monate bakeng sa baetsi ba libaesekele tsa lapeng, joalo ka Detroit Bicycles le American Bicycle Company (BCA).
Mehleng ea khale, United States e ne e le eona e ka sehloohong lefatšeng ka bophara ho etsa libaesekele.Lifeme tse tsamaisoang ke lik'hamphani tse kang Huffy, Murray, le Schwinn li hlahisa libaesekele ka bongata bo boholo selemo se seng le se seng.Leha mefuta ena e ntse e le teng, tlhahiso e falletse mose ho maoatle lilemo tse ngata tse fetileng.
Ka mohlala, Schwinn o ile a etsa baesekele ea ho qetela Chicago ka 1982, ’me Huffy o ile a koala fektheri ea eona e ka sehloohong Celina, Ohio ka 1998. Nakong ena, baetsi ba libaesekele ba bang ba bangata ba tsebahalang ba Amerika, ba kang Roadmaster le Ross, ba ile ba latela haufi-ufi.Ka nako eo, theko ea libaesekele e ne e theohile ka 25% ha bahlahisi ba Asia ba theola litheko le ho fokotsa phaello ea phaello.
Ho ea ka Harry Moser, molula-setulo oa Reshoring Initiative ebile e le sengoli sa kholomo ea ASSEMBLY ea “Moser on Manufacturing”, bahlahisi ba Amerika ba ile ba hlahisa libaesekele tse fetang limilione tse 5 ka 1990. Leha ho le joalo, ha mesebetsi e mengata e etsoang ka ntle ho naha e ntse e tsoela pele, tlhahiso ea malapeng e ile ea theohela tlaase ho likoloi tse 200 000. .2015. Boholo ba libaesekele tsena li entsoe ke lik'hamphani tse nyenyane tse nang le li-niche tse fanang ka batho ba ratang libaesekele tse thata.
Ho etsa libaesekele hangata ke indasteri e tsamaeang ka libaesekele e bileng le mathata a maholo le khatello ea maikutlo.Ha e le hantle, ka lebaka la mabaka a sa tšoaneng, ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ea malapeng ho fetohile lilemong tsa morao tjena.
Ebang ke tse tsamaeang kapa li eme, libaesekele li na le melemo e mengata ea bophelo bo botle.Ka lebaka la seoa sa coronavirus, batho ba bangata ba ntse ba nahana bocha moo ba ikoetlisang le hore na ba sebelisa nako ea bona ea mahala joang.
"[Selemong se fetileng] bareki [ba] batla mesebetsi ea kantle le e khahlang bana ho mamella hamolemo liphephetso tse amanang le liodara tsa lapeng, 'me ho palama libaesekele ho loketse haholo," mohlahlobi oa indasteri ea lipapali oa NPD Group Dirk Sorensen (Dirk Sorenson) o boletse Inc. khamphani ea lipatlisiso e latellang mekhoa ea 'maraka.“Qetellong, ho na le batho ba bangata [baesekele] kajeno ho feta lilemong tse ’maloa tse fetileng.
"Lithekiso kotareng ea pele ea 2021 li nyolohile ka 83% ho tloha nakong e tšoanang selemong se fetileng," ho boletse Sorensen.“Thahasello ea bareki ea ho reka libaesekele e ntse e le holimo.”Mokhoa ona o lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ka selemo kapa tse peli.
Libakeng tsa litoropo, libaesekele li tumme bakeng sa maeto a makhutšoane hobane li ka boloka nako e ngata ha li bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea lipalangoang.Ho feta moo, libaesekele li rarolla mathata a ntseng a eketseha a bohlokoa joalo ka libaka tse fokolang tsa ho paka, tšilafalo ea moea le tšubuhlellano ea sephethephethe.Ho feta moo, mokhoa oa ho arolelana libaesekele o lumella batho ho hira baesekele le ho sebelisa mabili a mabeli habonolo ho potoloha toropo.
Thahasello e ntseng e eketseha ea likoloi tsa motlakase le eona e khothalelitse ho phahama ha libaesekele.Ebile, bahlahisi ba bangata ba libaesekele ba hlomella lihlahisoa tsa bona ka libeteri tse kopaneng le tse bobebe, li-motor le litsamaiso tsa likoloi ho tlatselletsa matla a matle a khale.
"Thekiso ea libaesekele tsa motlakase e eketsehile haholo," ho boletse Sorenson.“Ha seoa sena se tlisa bapalami ba bangata ketsahalong eo, thekiso ea libaesekele tsa motlakase e ile ea potlaka.Har’a mabenkele a libaesekele, libaesekele tsa motlakase hona joale ke sehlopha sa boraro se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa libaesekele, se hlahlamang ka mor’a thekiso ea libaesekele tsa lithaba le libaesekele tse tseleng.”
"Libaesekele tsa elektronike li 'nile tsa ratoa kamehla," ho phaella Chase Spaulding, morupeli ea sebetsanang le moralo le tlhahiso ea libaesekele Univesithing ea Southeastern Minnesota State.O sa tsoa qeta lenaneo la hae la lilemo tse peli kolecheng ea sechaba.Spaulding o thehile lenaneo ho fihlela litlhoko tsa baetsi ba libaesekele ba lehae, joalo ka Hed Cycling Products, Quality Bicycle Products le Trek Bicycle Corp.
Spalding o itse: “Indasteri ea likoloi e hatetse pele ka likoloi tsa motlakase ka potlako, ’me e thusitse indasteri ea libaesekele ho hatela pele haholo ntle le ho jara litšenyehelo tse felletseng tsa ho etsa libeteri le likarolo tse ling.”“[Likarolo tsena li ka kopanngoa habonolo ho] Qetellong Sehlahisoang, [batho] ba bangata ba ikutloa ba sireletsehile ’me ba ke ke ba nkoa e le mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa li-mopeds kapa lithuthuthu.”
Ho ea ka Spaulding, libaesekele tsa lehlohlojane ke sebaka se seng se chesang indastering.Li khahla haholo ho bapalami ba libaesekele ba ratang ho tsoela pele qetellong ea tsela.Li pakeng tsa libaesekele tsa lithaba le libaesekele tsa litsela, empa li fana ka phihlelo e ikhethang ea ho palama.
Khale, libaesekele tse ngata li ne li rekisoa ka barekisi ba libaesekele tsa sechaba le barekisi ba baholo (joalo ka Sears, Roebuck & Co., kapa Montgomery Ward & Co.).Leha mabenkele a lehae a libaesekele a ntse a le teng, boholo ba ona joale a ikhethela lihlahisoa tsa maemo a holimo bakeng sa bapalami ba libaesekele ba bohlokoa.
Kajeno, libaesekele tse ngata tse rekisoang ka bongata li rekisoa ka barekisi ba baholo (joalo ka Dick's Sporting Goods, Target, le Walmart) kapa ka libaka tsa khoebo tsa e-commerce (joalo ka Amazon).Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ha batho ba ntse ba eketseha ba reka lihlahisoa inthaneteng, thekiso e tobileng ho bareki le eona e fetotse indasteri ea libaesekele.
Mainland China le Taiwan li laola 'maraka oa libaesekele tsa lefats'e,' me lik'hamphani tse kang Giant, Merida le Tianjin Fujitec li ikarabella bakeng sa boholo ba khoebo.Likarolo tse ngata li boetse li hlahisoa mose ho maoatle ke lik'hamphani tse kang Shimano, e laolang likarolo tse peli ho tse tharo tsa 'maraka oa gear le brake.
Europe, Portugal e ka leboea ke setsi sa indasteri ea libaesekele.Ho na le lik'hamphani tse fetang 50 sebakeng sena tse hlahisang libaesekele, likarolo le lisebelisoa.RTE, e leng moetsi e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa libaesekele Europe, e na le feme e Selzedo, Portugal, e khonang ho kopanya libaesekele tse ka bang 5,000 ka letsatsi.
Kajeno, Reshoring Initiative e bolela hore e na le baetsi le mefuta e fetang 200 ea libaesekele tsa Amerika, ho tloha Alchemy Bicycle Co. ho ea Victoria Cycles.Leha ba bangata e le lik'hamphani tse nyane kapa barekisi, ho na le libapali tse 'maloa tse kholo, ho kenyeletsoa BCA (karolelano ea Kent International Corporation) le Trek.Leha ho le joalo, lik'hamphani tse ngata, tse kang Ross Bikes le SRAM LLC, li rala lihlahisoa tsa naha le ho li etsa mose ho maoatle.
Ka mohlala, lihlahisoa tsa Ross li entsoe Las Vegas empa li hlahisoa Chaena le Taiwan.Pakeng tsa 1946 le 1989, khoebo ea lelapa e ile ea bula lifeme Brooklyn, New York le Allentown, Pennsylvania, le libaesekele tse hlahisoang ka bongata pele e emisa ho sebetsa.
"Re ka thabela ho etsa libaesekele United States hape, empa 90% ea likaroloana, joalo ka phetisetso (mochini oa mochini o ikarabellang bakeng sa ho tsamaisa ketane lipakeng tsa li-sprockets ho sututsa likere) li hlahisoa mose ho maoatle," ho boletse Sean Rose, a. setho sa moloko oa bone.Lelapa le sa tsoa tsosa mofuta o ileng oa bula libaesekele tsa lithaba lilemong tsa bo-1980."Leha ho le joalo, re ka qetella re entse tlhahiso e nyane ea batch mona."
Le hoja lisebelisoa tse ling li fetohile, mokhoa oa motheo oa ho kopanya libaesekele o lutse o batla o sa fetoha ka lilemo tse mashome.Foreimi ea pente e kentsoe holim'a sesebelisoa, ebe ho kenngoa likarolo tse fapaneng tse kang mariki, li-mudguards, likere, li-handlebars, pedals, litulo le mabili.Hangata litšehetso li ntšoa pele li tsamaisoa e le hore baesekele e ka kenngoa ka lebokoseng le moqotetsane.
Foreimi hangata e entsoe ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tšepe tse kobehileng, tse cheselitsoeng le tse pentiloeng.Aluminium le tšepe ke lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa, empa lisebelisoa tsa carbon fiber composite le liforeimi tsa titanium li boetse li sebelisoa libaesekeleng tse phahameng ka lebaka la boima ba tsona bo bobebe.
Ho bashebelli ba tloaelehileng, libaesekele tse ngata li shebahala li bile li sebetsa ka tsela e tšoanang le eo li bileng ka eona ka lilemo tse mashome.Leha ho le joalo, ho na le likhetho tse ngata ho feta leha e le neng pele.
"Ka kakaretso, 'maraka o hlōlisana haholoanyane ho moralo oa liforeimi le likaroloana," ho boletse Spalding oa Southeastern Minnesota State University."Libaesekele tsa lithabeng li fapane, ho tloha holimo, tse thata le tse tenyetsehang, ho isa ho tse telele, tse tlaase le tse fokolang.Hona joale ho na le likhetho tse ngata pakeng tsa tse peli.Libaesekele tsa litsela li na le phapang e fokolang, empa ho latela likarolo, geometry, boima le ts'ebetso.Phapang e kholo haholo.
"Phetiso ke karolo e rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa hoo e batlang e le libaesekele tsohle kajeno," Spalding a hlalosa."U tla boela u bone li-gear tsa ka hare tse kenyang li-gear tse 2 ho isa ho tse 14 sebakeng se ka morao, empa ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse eketsehileng le ho rarahana, sekhahla sa ho kenella se tlase haholo 'me ha ho na bonase ea ts'ebetso e ts'oanang.
"Seipone sa seipone ka boeona ke mofuta o mong, joalo ka indasteri ea lieta, u etsa lihlahisoa tsa boholo bo le bong ho kopana le libopeho tse fapaneng," Spaulding o bontša."Leha ho le joalo, ntle le liphephetso tsa boholo bo tsitsitseng tse tobaneng le lieta, foreimi ha ea lokela ho lekana mosebelisi feela, empa hape e tlameha ho boloka ts'ebetso, boiketlo le matla ho pholletsa le boholo ba boholo.
"Ka hona, le hoja hangata e le motsoako oa libopeho tse 'maloa tsa tšepe kapa carbon fiber, ho rarahana ha mefuta-futa ea geometri e bapalang ho ka etsa hore ho theha moralo, haholo-holo ho tloha qalong, ho be thata ho feta motsoako o le mong o nang le motsoako o phahameng oa likarolo le ho rarahana.Thobalano,” ho boletse Spalding."Maemo le boemo ba likarolo li ka ba le tšusumetso e makatsang ts'ebetsong."
Zak Pashak, mopresidente oa K'hamphani ea Libaesekele ea Detroit o ile a phaella: "Chelete e tloaelehileng ea thepa bakeng sa baesekele e kenyelletsa lintho tsa motheo tse 40 tse tsoang ho barekisi ba ka bang 30 ba fapaneng.Khampani ea hae ea lilemo tse 10 e sebakeng sa mohaho oa litene o sa tšoauoang karolong e ka Bophirimela ea Detroit, eo pele e neng e le k'hamphani ea logo.
Feme ena ea lisekoere-mithara tse 50 000 e ikhetha hobane e entse baesekele eohle ka letsoho ho tloha qalong ho fihlela qetellong, ho akarelletsa le foreime le mabili.Hona joale, mehala e ’meli ea kopano e hlahisa karolelano ea libaesekele tse ka bang 50 ka letsatsi, empa fektheri e ka hlahisa libaesekele tse ka bang 300 ka letsatsi.Khaello ea lefatše ea likarolo tse holofalitseng indasteri eohle ea libaesekele e sitisa k'hamphani ho eketsa tlhahiso.
Ntle le ho hlahisa mefuta ea eona, ho kenyeletsoa mofuta o tummeng oa baeti oa Sparrow, Detroit Bicycle Company hape ke moetsi oa konteraka.E bokelletse libaesekele bakeng sa Dick's Sporting Goods le likepe tse ikhethileng bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse kang Faygo, New Belgium Brewing le Toll Brothers.Ha Schwinn a sa tsoa keteka lilemo tse 125, Detroit Bikes e hlahisitse letoto le ikhethileng la mefuta e 500 ea Collegiate.
Ho ea ka Pashak, liforeimi tse ngata tsa libaesekele li etsoa mose ho maoatle.Leha ho le joalo, k'hamphani ea hae ea lilemo tse 10 e ikhethile indastering hobane e sebelisa tšepe ea chrome ho kopanya liforeimi tse entsoeng United States.Boholo ba bahlahisi ba libaesekele tsa lapeng ba sebelisa liforeimi tsa bona tse tsoang kantle ho naha.Likarolo tse ling, joalo ka lithaere le mabili, le tsona li romelloa kantle ho naha.
"Re na le bokhoni ba ho etsa litšepe ka tlung tse re nolofalletsang ho hlahisa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa libaesekele," Pashak a hlalosa.Mokhoa ona o qala ka ho seha le ho kobeha liphaepheng tse tala tsa tšepe tsa libopeho le boholo bo sa tšoaneng.Likarolo tsena tse nang le li-tubular li kenngoa ka har'a jig ebe li tšeloa ka letsoho ho etsa foreimi ea baesekele.
"Pele ha kopano eohle e penta, masaka a sebelisetsoang ho lokisa mariki le likhoele tsa likere le tsona li tla chesetsoa foreiming," ho boletse Pashak."Indasteri ea libaesekele e tsamaea ka tsela e iketsang, empa hajoale re ntse re etsa lintho ka tsela ea khale hobane ha re na lipalo tse lekaneng tse ka lokafatsang ho tsetela mecheng e ikemetseng."
Esita le fektheri e khōlō ka ho fetisisa ea libaesekele United States ha e sebelise mechine e itšebetsang ka seoelo, empa boemo bona bo haufi le ho fetoha.Semela sa BCA se Manning, South Carolina se na le nalane ea lilemo tse supileng mme se nka sebaka sa lisekoere-mithara tse 204,000.E hlahisa libaesekele tse rekisoang ka bongata bakeng sa Amazon, Home Depot, Target, Wal-Mart le bareki ba bang.E na le mela e 'meli ea kopano e tsamaeang-e le' ngoe bakeng sa libaesekele tse lebelo le le leng bakeng sa libaesekele tse lebelo tse ngata-tse ka hlahisang likoloi tse fihlang ho 1,500 ka letsatsi, ho phaella ho workshop ea morao-rao ea ho roala phofo.
BCA e boetse e sebetsa setsing sa kopano sa lisekoere-mithara tse 146,000 lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa ho tloha moo.E tsepamisitse maikutlo ho libaesekele tse tloaelehileng le lihlahisoa tse nyenyane tsa batch tse hlahisoang meleng ea ho kopanya ka letsoho.Leha ho le joalo, boholo ba lihlahisoa tsa BCA li hlahisoa Asia Boroa-bochabela.
"Le hoja re entse ho hongata Carolina Boroa, e nka feela karolo ea 15% ea chelete ea rona," ho boletse Arnold Kamler, CEO oa Kent International."Re ntse re hloka ho kenya hoo e ka bang likarolo tsohle tseo re li kopanyang.Leha ho le joalo, re etsa liforeimi, lifereko, li-handlebars le lirimo United States.
Kamler oa hlalosa: “Leha ho le joalo, e le hore se sebetse, mohaho oa rōna o mocha o tlameha ho ba oa othomathike haholo.“Hajoale re ntse re reka thepa eo re e hlokang.Re rera ho kenya tšebetsong setsi sena nakong ea lilemo tse peli.
“Sepheo sa rōna ke ho khutsufatsa nako ea ho pepa,” ho bolela Kamler, ea sebelitseng khoebong ea lelapa ka lilemo tse 50."Re batla ho khona ho etsa boitlamo ba mofuta o itseng matsatsi a 30 esale pele.Joale, ka lebaka la phepelo ea thepa e kantle ho naha, re tlameha ho etsa qeto le ho odara likarolo likhoeli tse tšeletseng esale pele. ”
"Ho fihlela katleho ea nako e telele, re hloka ho eketsa boiketsetso bo eketsehileng," ho boletse Kamler."Feme ea rona e se e ntse e e-na le mochine o etsang mabili.Ka mohlala, re na le mochine o kenyang li-spokes ka har’a hub ea mabili le mochine o mong o otlollang lebili.
"Leha ho le joalo, ka lehlakoreng le leng la fektheri, mohala oa ho kopanya o ntse o sebetsa haholo, ha o fapane haholo le kamoo o neng o le kateng lilemong tse 40 tse fetileng," Kamler o itse."Hajoale re sebetsa le liunivesithi tse 'maloa ho rarolla bothata bona.Re tšepa ho sebelisa liroboto bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse itseng lilemong tse peli tse tlang. ”
Motsamaisi e Moholo oa Fanuc America Corp Global Account, James Cooper o ile a phaella: “Re bona hore baetsi ba libaesekele ba ntse ba thahasella haholo liroboto, haholo-holo lik’hamphani tse hlahisang libaesekele tse emeng le libaesekele tsa motlakase, tse atisang ho ba boima haholoanyane.”Indasteri, libaesekele Ho khutla ha mesebetsi ea khoebo ho tla hlohlelletsa keketseho ea tlhokeho ea li-automation nakong e tlang.”
Lilemong tse lekholo tse fetileng, West Side ea Chicago e ne e le setsi sa tlhahiso ea libaesekele.Ho tloha mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1880 ho isa mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1980, boima ba khamphani ea Windy City bo ile ba hlahisa libaesekele ka mebala e fapaneng, libopeho le boholo.Ha e le hantle, boholo ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, libaesekele tse fetang peli ho tse tharo tse rekisoang United States li ne li bokane Chicago.
E 'ngoe ea lik'hamphani tsa pele tsa indasteri, Loring & Keene (eo pele e neng e le moetsi oa lipeipi), e ile ea qala ho hlahisa mofuta o mocha oa mochine o bitsoang "baesekele" ka 1869. Lilemong tsa bo-1890, karolo ea Lake Street e ne e tsejoa sebakeng seo e le "sehlopha sa libaesekele". ” hobane e ne e le lehae la bahlahisi ba fetang 40.Ka 1897, lik'hamphani tse 88 tsa Chicago li ile tsa hlahisa libaesekele tse 250,000 ka selemo.
Lifeme tse ngata ke lifeme tse nyenyane, empa tse seng kae li fetohile lik’hamphani tse khōlō, tse thehang theknoloji ea tlhahiso e ngata eo qetellong e ileng ea amoheloa ke indasteri ea likoloi.Gormully & Jeffery Manufacturing Co. e ne e le e 'ngoe ea baetsi ba libaesekele tse kholo ka ho fetisisa United States ho tloha 1878 ho isa 1900. E tsamaisoa ke R. Philip Gormully le Thomas Jeffery.
Qalong, Gormully & Jeffery ba ile ba hlahisa lipeni tsa mabili a phahameng, empa qetellong ba ile ba hlahisa letoto le atlehileng la libaesekele tse "sireletsehileng" tlas'a lebitso la Rambler.Khamphani e ile ea rekoa ke American Bicycle Company ka 1900.
Lilemo tse peli hamorao, Thomas Jeffery o ile a qala ho etsa likoloi tsa Rambler fekthering e lik'hilomithara tse 50 ka leboea ho Chicago Kenosha, Wisconsin, 'me ea e-ba pula-maliboho oa pele indastering ea likoloi ea Amerika.Ka letoto la ho kopanngoa le ho reka, k'hamphani ea Jeffrey e ile ea qetella e fetohile likoloi tsa Amerika le Chrysler.
Moetsi e mong oa boqapi ke Western Wheel Works, e kileng ea tsamaisa feme e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea libaesekele ka lehlakoreng le ka leboea la Chicago.Lilemong tsa bo-1890, k'hamphani e ile ea bula theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea bongata e kang ho hatakela litšepe tsa tšepe le li-welding tsa ho hanyetsa.Western Wheel Works ke k'hamphani ea pele ea libaesekele ea Amerika ho sebelisa likarolo tsa tšepe tse tempetsoeng ho kopanya lihlahisoa tsa eona, ho kenyeletsoa le mofuta o rekisoang ka ho fetisisa oa Crescent.
Ka lilemo tse mashome, morena oa indasteri ea libaesekele e bile Arnold, Schwinn & Co. Khampani e thehiloe ka 1895 ke moetsi e monyenyane oa libaesekele oa Jeremane ea bitsoang Ignaz Schwinn, ea ileng a fallela United States 'me a lula Chicago mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1890.
Schwinn o ntlafalitse bonono ba ho betla le ho tjheseletsa tšepe ea tubula ho etsa foreimi e matla, e bobebe.Tsepamiso ea maikutlo holim'a boleng, moralo o hapang mahlo, bokhoni ba ho bapatsa bo ke keng ba lekanngoa le phepelo e kopaneng e otlolohileng e thusa k'hamphani ho laola indasteri ea libaesekele.Ka 1950, baesekele e le ’ngoe ho tse ’nè tse rekisoang United States e ne e le Schwinn.Khampani e ile ea hlahisa libaesekele tse limilione tse 1 ka 1968. Leha ho le joalo, Schwinn ea ho qetela e entsoeng Chicago e entsoe ka 1982.
Nako ea poso: Sep-22-2021